Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the development of dark, irregular patches on the skin, typically on the face. The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These factors often involve a combination of genetics, hormonal changes, and sun exposure. Here are some of the common causes of melasma, such as, Hormonal Changes, Pregnancy, Oral Contraceptives and Hormone Replacement Therapy, Sun Exposure and Genetic 

It's important to note that melasma is primarily a cosmetic concern and doesn't pose a health risk. However, the patches can cause distress and impact self-esteem. If you suspect you have melasma or are experiencing skin changes, it's recommended to consult with a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.